Anal glands – many dog owners have no idea what they are, what they’re used for, or even what issues may arise with these small organs. Here’s a brief guide to two of the most infamous body parts your dog may possess.
So, what are these things in the first place? The anal glands are two small, grape-sized sacs that are located under the skin on either side of your dog’s anus. They contain a strong smelling, yellow-brown fluid which is released through small ducts when your pet has a bowel movement. It’s thought that the secretions of the anal glands are a way for dogs to mark territory when they have a poop, although it’s common for many canines to release anal gland fluid when they’re frightened.
Although some dogs may never experience any problems with their anal glands, in some dogs (and some breeds in particular) the anal gland fluid can become thickened, which causes the gland to become abnormally large, and then the wall of the anal gland itself can become inflamed, causing one or both anal glands to become uncomfortably impacted. If this condition persists without care, then the glands can possibly become infected and rupture, causing painful abscesses that cause large lesions under your dog’s tail. Abscesses like these usually need to be treated with a course of antibiotics and pain medication. More rarely, anal glands can also develop cancerous tumours called adenocarcinomas.
How do you keep your dog’s anal glands healthy? Well, your dog’s diet can play a large part in helping to keep their anal glands working properly. If your dog is already experiencing anal gland problems, or is a type of breed that tends to be more prone to anal gland impaction (like Pugs, Shih Tzus and Bulldogs, for example), adding additional fiber to your dog’s food ensures that their stools are firm and large enough to cause the anal glands to express properly with each bowel movement. Green beans and plain canned pumpkin are great sources of insoluble fiber, but be sure to discuss any additions to your dog’s diet with your veterinarian first.
Speaking of your dog’s doctor, regular check-ups are also an essential part of anal gland health. Your veterinarian will be able to palpate (feel) your dog’s anal glands to check for impaction, and, especially if your pup has a previous or ongoing anal gland issue, they’ll be able to express them gently by hand to prevent infection or rupture. If you notice that your dog is regularly scooting their hind end on your carpet or on the grass, chewing at their hip area or back end, or seems uncomfortable being touched around their bum, it’s never a bad idea to make an appointment to have their anal glands examined and expressed.
Finally, for dogs who have irresolvable infections or problems chronic, painful impaction, surgical removal of the anal glands can be an option as well, though obviously more costly than regular prevention in the first place. By paying close attention and seeking care for their furry friends as soon as there’s an issue, however, most owners can help their dogs to avoid this last resort treatment.